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Table 3 Associationsa between lipid-corrected serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and risk of papillary thyroid cancer, overall and stratified by histological subtype

From: Organochlorine pesticides and risk of papillary thyroid cancer in U.S. military personnel: a nested case-control study

 

Overall

Stratified by histological subtype

 

742 case/control pairs

Classical PTC 600 case/control pairs

Follicular PTC 142 case/control pairs

OCP levels (ng/g lipid)

N cases

N controls

OR

95% CI

N cases

N controls

OR

95% CI

N cases

N controls

OR

95% CI

p-Waldc

p,p’-DDE

 <LOD-78.56

174

185

1.00

Ref.

137

152

1.00

Ref.

37

33

1.00

Referent

 

 78.57-129.69

179

186

0.98

(0.72–1.34)

142

150

1.04

(0.73–1.49)

37

36

0.84

(0.44–1.61)

 

 129.70-233.49

207

185

1.11

(0.80–1.53)

172

148

1.24

(0.86–1.78)

35

37

0.74

(0.36–1.55)

 

 233.50-2,049.00

182

186

0.93

(0.64–1.34)

149

150

1.02

(0.67–1.56)

35

36

0.62

(0.28–1.38)

 

 p-trend

   

0.87

   

0.96

   

0.68

0.58

p,p’-DDT

 <LOD

429

446

1.00

Ref.

336

366

1.00

Ref.

93

80

1.00

Referent

 

 ≥LOD-6.30

84

94

0.91

(0.65–1.27)

69

76

0.98

(0.68–1.42)

15

18

0.58

(0.25–1.34)

 

 6.31–10.35

115

95

1.17

(0.82–1.67)

104

80

1.37

(0.93–2.01)

11

15

0.44

(0.15–1.33)

 

 10.36–126.80

102

95

1.03

(0.72–1.47)

84

70

1.31

(0.87–1.98)

18

25

0.48

(0.21–1.06)

 

 p-trend

   

0.94

   

0.94

   

0.63

0.03

HCB

 <LOD

361

379

1.00

Ref.

283

315

1.00

Ref.

78

64

1.00

Referent

 

 ≥LOD-6.36

124

112

1.13

(0.82–1.54)

105

95

1.22

(0.86–1.71)

19

17

0.77

(0.33–1.80)

 

 6.37–8.64

99

112

0.87

(0.62–1.22)

80

85

1.03

(0.71–1.51)

19

27

0.38

(0.17–0.89)

 

 8.65–150.70

138

113

1.23

(0.87–1.75)

119

86

1.61

(1.09–2.38)b

19

27

0.38

(0.16–0.91)

 

 p-trend

   

0.41

   

0.05

   

0.04

0.20

Oxychlordane

 <LOD

340

381

1.00

Ref.

269

310

1.00

Ref.

71

71

1.00

Referent

 

 ≥LOD-7.95

127

118

1.17

(0.85–1.61)

103

97

1.23

(0.87–1.75)

24

21

0.89

(0.40–1.99)

 

 7.96–12.65

138

119

1.25

(0.90–1.74)

115

97

1.35

(0.94–1.95)

23

22

0.77

(0.33–1.77)

 

 12.66–104.80

135

120

1.21

(0.85–1.72)

111

92

1.36

(0.92–2.01)

24

28

0.60

(0.25–1.47)

 

 p-trend

   

0.24

   

0.12

   

0.65

0.75

trans-Nonachlor

 <LOD

231

259

1.00

Ref.

183

209

1.00

Ref.

48

50

1.00

Referent

 

 ≥LOD-8.92

150

160

1.04

(0.77–1.40)

115

132

0.98

(0.70–1.37)

35

28

1.11

(0.54–2.27)

 

 8.93–15.84

164

161

1.18

(0.86–1.63)

141

131

1.29

(0.91–1.83)

23

30

0.65

(0.27–1.56)

 

 15.85–304.30

194

162

1.36

(0.96–1.92)

159

128

1.45

(0.99–2.13)

35

34

0.78

(0.32–1.94)

 

 p-trend

   

0.12

   

0.085

   

> 0.99

0.16

β-HCCH

 <LOD

566

595

1.00

Ref.

448

477

1.00

Ref.

118

118

1.00

Referent

 

 ≥LOD (2.77–153.80)

162

138

1.12

(0.84–1.50)

142

115

1.21

(0.88–1.66)

20

23

0.71

(0.32–1.57)

0.16

Mirex

 <LOD

624

620

1.00

Ref.

505

502

1.00

Ref.

119

118

1.00

Referent

 

 ≥LOD (2.88–348.20)

107

110

0.97

(0.70–1.34)

88

90

0.96

(0.67–1.38)

19

20

1.07

(0.50–2.30)

0.97

  1. Bolding denotes statistical significance (p<0.05)
  2. Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, DDE Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, HCB Hexachlorobenzene, HCCH Hexachlorocyclohexane, LOD Limit of detection, OR Odds ratio, PTC Papillary thyroid cancer
  3. aAll models adjusted for BMI (< 25 kg/m2, 25–29.9 kg/m2, ≥ 30 kg/m2, missing) and military branch (Army, Air Force, Navy, Marines/Coast Guard)
  4. bWhen top (3rd) tertile was split at the median into lower median (3rd tertile-LM) and upper median (3rd tertile-UM): OR3rd tertile-LM = 1.43; 95%CI, 0.87–2.36 and OR3rd tertile-UM = 1.76; 95%CI, 1.10–2.82; p-trend = 0.04
  5. cP-value from a Wald test of OR homogeneity across case histological subtype from case-only unconditional logistic regression models from case-only analyses adjusting for age at PTC diagnosis, race/ethnicity, sex, BMI, and military branch
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X