Table 3 Clinical outcomes as a function of urinary cadmium/creatinine quartiles in the severe COVID-19 patients
Variables | First Quartile | Second Quartile | Third Quartile | Fourth Quartile | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(U-CdCr < 2.2 μg/g) | (2.2 ≤ U-CdCr < 3.8 μg/g) | (3.8 ≤ U-CdCr < 8.8 μg/g) | (U-CdCr ≥ 8.8 μg/g) |  | |
(n = 63) | (n = 63) | (n = 63) | (n = 63) |  | |
Mortality | |||||
 28-day hospital mortality | 6 (9.5%) | 5 (7.9%) | 8 (12.7%) | 12 (19%) | 0.244 |
 60-day hospital mortality | 11 (17.5%) | 8 (12.7%) | 14 (22.2%) | 21 (33.3%) | 0.034 |
 90-day hospital mortality | 12 (19%) | 9 (14.3%) | 17 (27%) | 23 (36.5%) | 0.023 |
 All cause hospital mortality | 13 (20.6%) | 12 (19%) | 17 (27%) | 26 (41.3%) | 0.021 |
 Shock status | 24 (38.1%) | 21 (33.3%) | 24 (38.1%) | 37 (58.7%) | 0.019 |
 Inotropic agents use | 19 (30.2%) | 18 (28.6%) | 24 (38.1%) | 37 (58.7%) | 0.002 |
 Acute kidney injury | 32 (50.8%) | 24 (38.1%) | 27 (42.9%) | 24 (38.1%) | 0.375 |
 Renal replacement therapy | 12 (19%) | 10 (15.9%) | 5 (7.9%) | 9 (14.3%) | 0.305 |
 ARDS | 23 (36.5%) | 28 (44.4%) | 31 (49.2%) | 42 (66.7%) | 0.008 |
 ICU admission | 37 (58.7%) | 36 (57.1%) | 45 (71.4%) | 54 (85.7%) | 0.002 |
 Duration of mechanical ventilator (days) | 0 (0–11.8) | 4 (0–14) | 6 (0–20) | 11 (5–26) | 0.184 |
 Length of ICU stay (days) | 7.5 (0–17.5) | 7 (0–16.5) | 11.5 (0–22) | 16 (8.5–34) | 0.025 |
 Length of hospital stay (days) | 19.5 (11.3–37.3) | 21 (12–35) | 25 (16–39.3) | 37 (20–65.5) | 0.107 |