Air pollution and anemia as risk factors for pneumonia in ecuadorian children: a retrospective cohort analysis

Table 1 Socioeconomic indicators in LP (higher air pollution) and JR (lower air pollution)

Indicator	LP	JR	OR (95%CI)	P-value
Population	11751	9009
Area (hectares)	95	74
Male	5888	4451	1.03 (0.97-1.09)	0.32
Female	5863	4558	0.97 (0.92-1.03)	0.32
Illiterate (%)	5.3	5.2	1.02 (0.90-1.16)	0.73
Education^a
None (%)	37.7	36.6	0.97 (0.83-1.13)	0.72
Primary (%)	37.7	36.6	1.05 (0.99-1.11)	0.10
Secondary (%)	37.7	37.9	1.05 (0.99-1.11)	0.10
Superior and above (%)	4.3	4.0	1.08 (0.94-1.24)	0.28
Household electricity (%)^b	98.0	98.0	1.00 (0.82-1.22)	0.99
Absence of poverty (%)	4.7	5.2	0.90 (0.79-1.02)	0.14
Working age population (%)	72.6	72.5	1.01 (0.94-1.07)	0.88
Employment by economic sector (persons)^c			χ² = 3.23 (2df)	0.20
Primary	125	87
Secondary	1437	1226
Tertiary	3296	2633

Data provided by INEC. OR, χ², and P-values indicate differences between higher and lower air pollution neighborhoods.
^aEducational achievement as reported by INEC; unknown or unreported status for 16.9% of residents of LP and 18.0% of JR.
^bBased on 3231 households in LP and 2379 households in JR.
^cPrimary sector = agriculture, secondary sector = industry, tertiary sector = services.
81 of 8885 individuals were not assigned by INEC to employment sectors.

ISSN: 1476-069X