European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). Bisphenol A. https://echa.europa.eu/hot-topics/bisphenol-a (last accessed June 26th, 2020).
Geens T, Aerts D, Berthot C, Bourguignon J-P, Goeyens L, Lecomte P, et al. A review of dietary and non-dietary exposure to bisphenol-a. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012;50(10):3725–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.059.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Völkel W, Colnot T, Csanády GA, Filser JG, Dekant W. Metabolism and kinetics of bisphenol a in humans at low doses following Oral administration. Chem Res Toxicol. 2002;15(10):1281–7. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx025548t.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Bisphenol A. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/bisphenol (last accessed June 26th, 2020).
WHO & UNEP (2012) State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals. Edited by Ake Bergman, Jerrold J. Heindel, Susan Jobling, Karen A. Kidd and R. Thomas Zoeller. Summary for Decision-Makers. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/78102/WHO_HSE_PHE_IHE_2013.1_eng.pdf;jsessionid=23AA7C68664A579E3E783C2CB20270B5?sequence=1 (last accessed 26th June, 2020)
Rochester JR. Bisphenol a and human health: a review of the literature. Reprod Toxicol. 2013;42:132–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.08.008.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bellinger DC. Prenatal exposures to environmental chemicals and children’s neurodevelopment: an update. Saf Health Work. 2013;4(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.5491/SHAW.2013.4.1.1.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ejaredar M, Lee Y, Roberts DJ, Sauve R, Dewey D. Bisphenol a exposure and children’s behavior: a systematic review. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. 2016:1–9.
Mustieles V, Messerlian C, Reina I, Rodríguez-Carrillo A, Olea N, Fernández MF. Is bisphenol a (BPA) a threat to Children’s behavior? J Mental Health & Clin Psychology. 2018;2(1):6–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Vrijheid M, Casas M, Gascón M, Valvi D, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Environmental pollutants and child health – a review of recent concerns. Int J Hig Environ Health. 2016;219(4–5):331–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.001.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mustieles V, Fernández MF. Bisphenol a shapes children’s brain and behavior: towards an integrated neurotoxicity assessment including human data. Environ Health. 2020;19(1):66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00620-y.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS, Caye A, Rohde LA. Annual research review: a meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015;56(3):345–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12381.
Article
Google Scholar
Choi J, Knudsen LE, Mizrak S, Joan A (2017) Identification of exposure to environmental Chemicals in Children and Older Adults Using Human Biomonitoring Data Sorted by age: results from a literature review. Int J Hyg environ health 220(2 Pt a): 282–298.
Schindler BK, Esteban M, Koch HM, Castano A, Koslitz S, Cañas A, et al. The European COPHES/DEMOCOPHES project: towards transnational comparability and reliability of human biomonitoring results. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014;217(6):653–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.12.002.
Article
Google Scholar
Koppen G, Govarts E, Vanermen G, Voorspoels S, Govindan M, Dewolf MC, et al. Mothers and children are related, even in exposure to chemicals present in common consumer products. Environ Res. 2019;175:297–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.023.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Covaci A, Den Hond E, Geens T, Govarts E, Koppen G, Frederiksen H, et al. Urinary BPA measurements in children and mothers from six European states: overall results and determinants of exposure. Environ Res. 2015;141:77–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.008.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
EFSA CEF Panel (2015) Scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol a (BPA) in foodstuffs: executive summary. EFSA J 13(1): 3978, 23pp, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.3978.
Louro H, Heinälä M, Bessems J, Buekers J, Vermeire T, Woutersen M, et al. Human biomonitoring in health risk assessment in Europe: current practices and recommendations for the future. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2019;222(5):727–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.05.009.
Article
Google Scholar
Kiedic M, Kubica S, Chrusciel A, Hreczuch W. Next generation of polish technology to obtain bisphenol a – ADVANCE BPA process. CHEMIX. 2013;67(11):1097–104.
Google Scholar
Konieczna A, Rutkowska A, Rachon D. Health risks of exposure to bisphenol a (BPA). Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2015;66(1):5–11.
Google Scholar
Polańska K, Hanke W, Król A, Potocka A, Waszkowska M, Jacukowicz A, et al. Polish mother and child cohort study (REPRO_PL) – methodology of the follow-up of the children at the age of 7. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2016;29(6):883–93. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00811.
Article
Google Scholar
Jankowska A, Polańska K, Koch HM, Pälmke C, Waszkowska M, Stańczak A, Wesołowska E, Hanke W, Bose-O'Reilly S, Calamandrei G, Garí M (2019) Phthalate exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in early school age children from Poland. Environ res 179(Pt B): 108829.
Polańska K, Hanke W, Gromadzińska J, Ligocka D, Gulczyńska E, Sobala W, et al. Polish mother and child cohort study – defining the problem, the aim of the study and methodological assumption. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2009;22(4):383–91. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10001-009-0037-0.
Article
Google Scholar
Polańska K, Hanke W, Jurewicz J, Sobala W, Madsen C, Nafstad P, et al. Polish mother and child cohort study (REPRO_PL) – methodology of follow-up of the children. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2011;24(4):391–8. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13382-011-0026-y.
Article
Google Scholar
Garí M, Koch HM, Pälmke C, Jankowska A, Wesolowska E, Hanke W, et al. Determinants of phthalate exposure and risk assessment in children from Poland. Environ Int. 2019;127:742–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.011.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Calafat AM, Koch HM, additional coauthors (2020) BPA and risk assessment. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 8(4): 269–270, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30070-X.
Koch HM, Kolossa-Gehring M, Schröter-Kermani C, Angerer J, Brüning T. Bisphenol a in 24 h urine and plasma samples of the German environmental specimen Bank from 1995 to 2009: a retrospective exposure evaluation. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2012;22(6):610–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2012.39.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kasper-Sonnenberg M, Wittsiepe J, Koch HM, Fromme H, Wilhelm M. Determination of bisphenol a in urine from mother-child pairs – results from the Duisburg birth cohort study, Germany. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2012;75(8-10):429–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2012.674907.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Larsen K. Creatinine assay by a reaction-kinetic principle. Clin Chim Acta. 1972;41:209–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(72)90513-X.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Stragierowicz J, Mikołajewska K, Zawadzka-Stolarz M, Polańska K, Ligocka D (2013) Estimation of cutoff values of cotinine in urine and saliva for pregnant women in Poland Biomed Res Int 386784.
Lupsa IR, Nunes B, Ligocka D, Gurzau AE, Jakubowski M, Casteleyn L, et al. Urinary cotinine levels and environmental tobacco smoke in mothers and children of Romania, Portugal and Poland within the European human biomonitoring pilot study. Environ Res. 2015;141:106–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.018.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kulaga Z, Rózdzynska-Swiatkowska A, Grajda A, Gurzkowska B, Wojtylo M, Gózdz M, et al. Percentile charts for growth and nutritional status assessment in polish children and adolescents from birth to 18 years of age. Standardy Medyczne / Pediatria. 2015;12:119–35.
Google Scholar
Polańska K, Krol A, Kaluzny P, Ligocka D, Mikolajewska K, Shaheen S, et al. Estimation of saliva cotinine cut-off points for active and passive smoking during pregnancy-polish mother and child cohort (REPRO_PL). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13(12):E1216.
Article
Google Scholar
Goodman R, Scott S. Child psychiatry: Wiley; 1997.
Google Scholar
Mazur J, Tabak I, Kololo H. Towards a better assessment of child and adolescent mental health status. Polish version of strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2007;11(1):13–24.
Google Scholar
Duinhof EL, Lek KM, de Looze ME, Cosma A, Mazur J, Gobina I, et al. Revising the self-report strengths and difficulties questionnaire for cross-country comparisons of adolescent mental health problems: the SDQ-R. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2019;29:e35.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Grob A, Meyer ChS, Hagmann-von Arx P (2009) IDS intelligence and development scales – children aged 5-10.
Koch HM, Wittassek M, Brüning T, Angerer J, Heudorf U. Exposure to phthalates in 5-6 years old primary school starters in Germany – a human biomonitoring study and cumulative risk assessment. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2011;214(3):188–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.01.009.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Remer T, Neubert A, Maser-Gluth C. Anthropometry-based reference values for 24-h urinary creatinine excretion during growth and their use in endocrine and nutritional research. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75(3):561–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/75.3.561.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Core Team R. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2021. https://www.R-project.org/
Google Scholar
Wickham H. ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. New York URL. http://ggplot2.org: Springer-Verlag; 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4.
Book
Google Scholar
Gelman A. Scaling regression inputs by dividing by two standard deviations. Stat Med. 2008;27(15):2865–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.3107.
Article
Google Scholar
Kasper-Sonnenberg M, Koch HM, Wittsiepe J, Brüning T, Wilhelm M. Phthalate metabolites and bisphenol a in urines from German school-aged children: results of the Duisburg birth cohort and Bochum cohort studies. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2014;217(8):830–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.06.001.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Correia-Sá L, Kasper-Sonnenberg M, Schütze A, Pälmke C, Norberto S, Calhau C, et al. Exposure assessment to bisphenol a (BPA) in Portuguese children by human biomonitoring. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2017;24(35):27502–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0358-7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Frederiksen H, Nielsen JK, Morck TA, Hansen PW, Jensen JF, Nielsen O, et al. Urinary excretion of phthalate metabolites, phenols and parabens in rural and urban Danish mother-child pairs. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2013;216(6):772–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.02.006.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Sakhi AK, Sabaredzovic AS, Papadopoulou E, Cequier E, Thomsen C. Levels, variability and determinants of environmental phenols in pars of Norwegian mothers and children. Environ Int. 2018;114:242–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.037.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Snoj Tratnik J, Kosjek T, Heath E, Mazej D, Ćehić S, Karakitsios SP, et al. Urinary bisphenol a in children, mothers and fathers from Slovenia: overall results and determinants of exposure. Environ Res. 2019;168:32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.004.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Çok I, Ikidag ÖT, Battal D, Aktas A. Assessment of bisphenol a levels in preschool children: results of a human biomonitoring study in Ankara, Turkey. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2020;12(1):86–94. https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.0087.
Article
Google Scholar
NHANES (2019) Fourth National Report on human exposure to environmental chemicals. Updated tables, volume 1. CDC.
Stacy SL, Papandonatos GD, Calafat AM, Chen A, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, et al. Early life bisphenol a exposure and neurobehavior at 8 years of age: identifying windows of heightened vulnerability. Environ Int. 2017;107:258–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.021.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Grohs MN, Reynolds JE, Liu J, Martin JW, Pollock T, Lebel C, et al. Prenatal maternal and childhood bisphenol a exposure and brain structure and behavior of young children. Environ Health. 2019;18(1):85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-019-0528-9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rocha BA, Asimakopoulos AG, Honda M, da Costa NL, Barbosa RM, Barbosa F Jr, et al. Advanced data mining approaches in the assessment of urinary concentrations of bisphenols, chlorophenols, parabens and benzophenones in Brazilian children and their associations to DNA damage. Environ Int. 2018;116:269–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.023.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Guo J, Zhang J, Wu C, Xiao H, Lv S, Lu D, et al. Urinary bisphenol a concentrations and adiposity measures at age 7 years in a prospective birth cohort. Chemosphere. 2020;251:126340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126340.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Li N, Ho W, Sun Wu RS, Ying GG, Wang Z, Jones K, et al. Organophosphate flame retardants and bisphenol a in children’s urine in Hong Kong: has the burden been underestimated? Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019;183:109502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109502.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Lee S, Lee HA, Park B, Han H, Park BH, Oh SY, et al. A prospective cohort study of the association between bisphenol a exposure and the serum levels of liver enzymes in children. Environ Res. 2018;161:195–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.007.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Xue J, Wu Q, Sakthivel S, Pavithran PV, Vasukutty JR, Kannan K. Urinary levels of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including bisphenols, bisphenol a diglycidyl ethers, benzophenones, parabens, and triclosan in obese and non-obese Indian children. Environ Res. 2015;137:120–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.12.007.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Stacy LS, Eliot M, Calafat AM, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Hauser R, et al. Patterns, variability, and predictors of urinary bisphenol a concentrations during childhood. Environ Sci Technol. 2016;50(11):5981–90. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00794.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Huang RP, Liu ZH, Yin H, Dang Z, Wu PX, Zhu NW, et al. Bisphenol a concentrations in human urine, human intakes across six continents, and annual trends of average intakes in adult and child populations worldwide: a thorough literature review. Sci Total Environ. 2018;626:971–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.144.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Frederiksen H, Nielsen O, Koch HM, Skakkebaek NE, Juul A, Jørgensen N, et al. Changes in urinary excretion of phthalates, phthalate substitutes, bisphenols and other polychorinated and phenolic substances in young Danish men; 2009-2017. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020;223(1):93–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.10.002.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
LaKind JS, Naiman DQ. Temporal trends in bisphenol a exposure in the United States from 2003-2012 and factors associated with BPA exposure: spot samples and urine dilution complicate data interpretation. Environ Res. 2015;142:84–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.013.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
LaKind JS, Pollock T, Naiman DQ, Kim S, Nagasawa A, Clarke J. Factors affecting interpretation of national biomonitoring data from multiple countries: BPA as a case study. Environ Res. 2019;173:318–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.047.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Huang RP, Liu ZH, Yuan SF, Yin H, Dang Z, Wu PX. Worldwide human daily intakes of bisphenol a (BPA) estimated from global urinary concentration data (2000-2016) and its risk analysis. Environ Pollut. 2017;230:143–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.026.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Montazeri P, Thomsen C, Casas M, de Bont J, Haug LS, Maitre L, et al. Socioeconomic position and exposure to multiple environmental chemical contaminants in six European mother-child cohorts. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2019;222(5):864–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.04.002.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Dunder L, Lejonklou MH, Lind PM, Lind L. Urinary bisphenol a and serum lipids: a meta-analysis of six NHANES examination cycles (2003-2014). J Epidemiol Community Health. 2019;73(11):1012–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212555.
Article
Google Scholar
Braun JM, Kalkbrenner AE, Calafat AM, Yolton K, Ye X, Dietrich KN, et al. Impact of early-life bisphenol a exposure on behavior and executive function in children. Pediatrics. 2011;128(5):873–82. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-1335.
Article
Google Scholar
Harley KG, Gunier RB, Kogut K, Johnson C, Bradman A, Calafat AM, et al. Prenatal and early childhood bisphenol a concentrations and behavior in school-aged children. Environ Res. 2013;126:43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2013.06.004.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Roen EL, Wang Y, Calafat AM, Wang S, Margolis A, Herbstman J, et al. Bisphenol a exposure and behavioral problems among inner city children at 7-9 years of age. Environ Res. 2015;142:739–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.01.014.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Hong S-B, Hong Y-C, Kim J-W, Park E-J, Shin M-S, Kim B-N, et al. Bisphenol a in relation to behavior and learning of school-age children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2013;54(8):890–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12050.
Article
Google Scholar
Perera F, Nolte ELR, Wang Y, Margolis AE, Calafat AM, Wang S, et al. Bisphenol a exposure and symptoms of anxiety and depression among inner city children at 10–12 years of age. Environ Res. 2016;151:195–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.028.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Perez-Lobato R, Mustieles V, Calvente I, Jimenez-Diaz I, Ramos R, Caballero-Casero N, et al. Exposure to bisphenol a and behavior in school-age children. Neurotoxicology. 2016;53:12–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.001.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jedynak P, Maitre L, Guxens M, Gützkow KB, Julvez J, López-Vicente M, et al. Prenatal exposure to a wide range of environmental chemicals and child behaviour between 3 and 7 years of age – an exposome-based approach in 5 European cohorts. Sci Total Environ. 2021;763:144115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144115.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Maitre L, Julvez J, López-Vicente M, Warembourg C, Tamayo-Uria I, Philippat C, et al. Early-life environmental exposure determinants of child behavior in Europe: a longitudinal, population-based study. Environ Int. 2021;153:106523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106523.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jaworowska A, Matczak A, Fecenec D (2012) Skale Inteligencje I Rozwoju – Dzieci W Wieku 5-10 Lat. Podrecznik. Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego. Manual. Laboratory of Psychological Tests of the polish psychological association, Warsaw Warszawa. [scales of intelligence and development – children aged 5-10].
Calafat AM, Longnecker MP, Koch HM, Swan SH, Hauser R, Goldman LR, et al. Optimal exposure biomarkers for nonpersistent Chemicals in Environmental Epidemiology. Environ Health Perspect. 2015;123(7):A166–8. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510041.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar